直升机设计过载系数的确定和验证方法

极限过载系数与直升机的用途密切相关,是直升机设计的重要参数之一,它决定了直升机结构设计的载荷,既是直升机机动性好坏的重要标志,也是用户最关注的验证指标之一。本文通过分析过载系数的定义和意义,结合国军标和适航的规定,给出了极限过载系数的确定方法,讨论了最大过载系数的验证程度和飞行方法,并提出了过载系数试飞数据的处理方法和依据。     

On the different approaches of Rayleigh optical depth determination

Rayleigh optical depth is an integral part of many radiative transfer problems. This paper discusses different elements and approaches of its determination. Then, it presents a method, which ensures more realistic estimate of Rayleigh optical depth by using refractive index and depolarization factor (including rotational Raman lines) adjusted according to the state and composition of the atmosphere. It is based on the published experimental and theoretical results. The Rayleigh optical depth calculations are compared with the Elterman’s model calculations for trend analysis purpose. Rayleigh optical depths are found to be around 3.4% lower than previous researchers, as they ignored the constraints of conservation of angular momentum in the rotational/vibrational transitions of the molecules during scattering.     

飞机最短时间爬升轨迹的格点搜寻算法

以飞机在垂直平面的运动方程为基础,采用线性时间负荷控制的飞行模式,提出了求解飞机最短时间爬升轨迹的格点搜寻算法.该方法视飞机为一质点,以此为基础计算出每个相邻格点的时间间隔,最后用h×Ma格点数搜寻法求出飞机最短时间爬升的最优轨迹.数字仿真表明,在规定的爬升范围内用格点搜寻算法可以实现快速的时间响应,得到的最优轨迹能够准确地跟踪设定的性能指标.     

复杂结构角系数计算方法

推导了能束在辐射半球面上均匀分布的角系数计算公式.根据面元间的位置关系,把有限元和能束均匀分布法相结合计算复杂结构的角系数.采用三角形网格统一表示边界面并根据边界面网格进行角系数计算的遮挡判断.计算结果表明,方法的计算精度比有限元法和蒙特卡洛法高,计算效率比蒙特卡洛法高,遮挡判断方法准确高效.      

Research on the Plane Multiple Cracks Stress Intensity Factors Based on Stochastic Finite Element Method

Taylor stochastic finite element method (SFEM) is applied to analyze the uncertainty of plane multiple cracks stress intensity factors (SIFs) considering the uncertainties of material properties, crack length, and load. The stochastic finite element model of plane multiple cracks are presented. In this model, crack tips are meshed with six-node triangular quarter-point elements; and other area is meshed with six-node triangular elements. The partial derivatives of displacement and stiffness matrix with respect to all the random variables obtained by Taylor SFEM are derived. Meanwhile, the mean and variance expressions of SIF under uncertain factors are also derived. Parallel double-crack illustrative example of using the proposed method is given. The calculation results indicate that the uncertainty of SIF is influenced by the distance of the cracks, the smaller the distance of cracks is, the greater the SIF uncertainty is, and the uncertainties of material elastic modulus, load and crack length markedly affect the uncertainty of SIF; and the Poisson ratio of material has little influence. Among the variables, the elastic modulus has the greatest effect on SIF uncertainty. The next is external load. The crack length has lower effect on SIF uncertainty than both the elastic modulus and external load.     

基于混合Beta分布的火箭弹射座椅可靠性评估

建立了一种综合利用子系统试验数据和现场整机试验数据的火箭弹射座椅Bayes可靠性评估方法。该方法通过卡方拟合优度检验确定继承因子,建立混合Beta分布后,基于后验分布评估座椅可靠性。采用该方法对某火箭弹射座椅可靠性进行了评估,在置信水平0.90情况下其可靠度达到了0.924。结果表明,在相同的现场试验情况下,评估结果比经典统计方法更合理。     

大跨悬挑屋盖风压分布风洞试验分析

通过大跨悬挑曲面屋盖刚性模型风洞试验,分析各风向角风压系数均值等值线图及跨中区域时体型系数以确定最不利风向角,研究跨中迎风边缘及顺风测点功率谱及相干特性,最后针对跨中不同位置测点风压概率分布密度特性探讨峰值因子合理取值。     

数字存储示波器检定方法探讨

讨论了数字存储示波器垂直偏转因数、水平时基、脉冲宽度触发测量方法。以TDS 7104为例,给出了数字存储示波器垂直偏转因数、水平偏转因数、频带宽度及上升时间的测量结果的测量不确定度。     

基于放大因子与Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型的转捩预测

为了验证放大因子输运方程与Spalart-Allmaras(S-A)湍流模型耦合对转捩现象的模拟精度,选取Schubauer and Klebanoff(S-K)平板、S809低速翼型、30p30n多段翼型以及复杂的三维HiLiftPW-1构型进行自由转捩计算,并将计算结果与实验进行比较分析,其中针对S809算例,还与Langtry-Menter(L-M)转捩模型进行了比较.算例结果表明:放大因子输运方程与S-A湍流模型的耦合能够较好的捕捉转捩位置以及转捩发展过程,对分离泡诱导的转捩的模拟相比L-M转捩模型更精确,转捩位置的捕捉精度提升了10%;对比实验,多段翼转捩位置的捕捉误差最大为6.5%;针对三维高升力增升构型,以实验作为参考,全湍流计算与考虑边界层转捩的对比显示考虑边界层转捩能够更加精确的模拟气动力系数,升力和表面摩擦阻力系数的模拟精度精度提升1%.      

假人空投试验六分量天平研究

依据救生伞假人空投试验中六分量应变天平的工作条件与载荷特点,确定了天平的设计载荷并完成了结构设计。针对实际应用中天平各种极限载荷情况,计算了天平各弹性元件的安全系数。对天平应力场进行了有限元分析,获取了天平整体应力分布状况。进一步对传统计算结果进行了验证,为天平结构设计提供了理论依据。